Define rational thinking?
Rational thinking is using logic and deduction to demonstrate usable truths.
Would you really call the human condition rational?
Not sure if that's really a valid question with the level of knowledge we possess. Certainly claiming a Diety is why we're here is rationalizing the human condition.
Trying to define "rational thinking" is like using the defense of "common sense" of which there is no such thing.
The computer you type on evolved due to rationality not common sense. So, there is indeed useful things built on rational thinking that they themselves rationally think.
Sure science has cured diseases and has made our lives more comfortable but at what cost?
I think your question here is use of a rational system, science, versus morality. Rationality discovers things we can do but in no ways dictate we must do it. For example, man can now make bird flu in the lab. I'd argue the best moral choice is to not release the virus but to release a cure.
Super-bugs on the rise will probably undo the good science has done.
Evolution is nature's process to 'build a better mouse trap'. Even if we did nothing the 'super bugs' would happen.
The consequences of increased global food because of science has caused other problems such as excessive processed foods which will undoubtedly cause genetic problems in future generations.
I don't know if you can say 'undoubtedly' as man has been manipulating foot for centuries and our lifespan has increased from 20-30 years to about 70. The question is more likely specific to the type of modification.
My take on religion is that it has a place in the future but will have a different role.
Religion is a way to explain the unexplainable. It will likely have the same role. But, as in the past, the knowledge from science has caused religion to move the goal post to that which is God's Domain.
What happens when all the science fails to answer all of the universes questions? I believe there will always be things science and mathematics will never be able to answer even if it is some insignificant. Especially true when all the answers of the universe have been solved and we still have questions that paradoxically need to be answered.
Science is a rational analysis on the observable universe. There may be limits to our observations within the universe. For example: Planck's constant may possibly be our smallest observeable dimension. Or the universe may outstrip our ability to analyze. For example: Dogs don't understand and build telescopes. There may be something we could never understand or build and not even know it. One example of this would be if some unseen and undectable force is acting on the universe. If there is such a thing we can never really say anything about it.
Looking at what we know about the world now, if there is a God he's likely a unintelligent designer. Come on who puts a play ground in the same spot as the output of the waste factory?